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Last updated: 23 June 2025

Teleworking

Telework is a work arrangement in which work is performed outside a default place of work, normally the employer’s premises, by means of information and communication technologies (ICT). The characteristic features of telework are the use of computers and telecommunications to change the usual location of work, the frequency with which the worker is working outside the employer’s premises and the number of places where workers work remotely (mobility).

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23 June 2025
Minimum wages have a significant effect on negotiated and actual wages
In recent years, national minimum wages have risen sharply across EU countries, making their influence on collective wage bargaining and general wage developments increasingly relevant. The findings show that national minimum wages have a positive impact on raising negotiated wage levels. However, careful policy design is required to avoid the crowding-out of collective bargaining, especially in low-paid sectors. Minimum wages also play a key role in improving wage levels among the lowest-paid employees, although spillover effects occur across the wider wage distribution.
Klára Fóti+2
30 March 2025
Psychosocial risks to workers' well-being: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

Psychosocial risks represent a major challenge to the health and well-being of workers in the EU. While the COVID-19 pandemic intensified some of these risks, it also increased awareness of them among policymakers. Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health. It also assesses job characteristics that could help to protect workers’ health and well-being in post-pandemic workplaces. While the prevalence of psychosocial risks varies across the Member States, work–life interference and work intensity are the most widespread risks in the EU, and the prevalence of the latter increased during the pandemic. Job stressors such as adverse social behaviour and job insecurity continue to be experienced by a significant proportion of workers in the EU. Although resources are available to combat some risks, these may not be sufficient, and preventive policies need to be implemented to prevent risks from arising in the first place.

Dragoș Adăscăliței+2
Research report
1 January 2025
The EU and G20: A two-decade journey of socioeconomic, digital and purple transformation
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Policy brief

Researchers at Eurofound provide expert insights and can be contacted for questions or media requests.

Oscar Vargas Llave

Research manager
Working life
Oscar Vargas Llave is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing.

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Polish presidency: January–June 2025
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Council presidency
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